39 Fla. L. Weekly D953b
Torts — Premises liability — Business invitee — Slip and
fall on diesel fuel spill at service station — Error to grant summary judgment
in favor of defendant where there was factual issue as to whether defendant and
its employees maintained service station premises in reasonably safe condition
— Although plaintiff was aware of spill, and it was open and obvious condition,
defendant still had duty to maintain premises in reasonably safe condition if it
anticipated potential harm to plaintiff as result of spill
fall on diesel fuel spill at service station — Error to grant summary judgment
in favor of defendant where there was factual issue as to whether defendant and
its employees maintained service station premises in reasonably safe condition
— Although plaintiff was aware of spill, and it was open and obvious condition,
defendant still had duty to maintain premises in reasonably safe condition if it
anticipated potential harm to plaintiff as result of spill
TERRY TALLENT and BARBARA TALLENT, Appellants, v. PILOT TRAVEL CENTERS, LLC,
a foreign corporation, Appellee. 2nd District. Case No. 2D13-3646. Opinion filed
May 7, 2014. Appeal from the Circuit Court for Charlotte County; Joseph G.
Foster, Judge. Counsel: Robert C. Widman and Geoffrey D. Morris of Morris &
Widman, P.A., Venice, for Appellants. Joseph A. Kopacz and Anthony J. Petrillo
of Luks, Santaniello, Petrillo & Jones, Tampa, for Appellee.
a foreign corporation, Appellee. 2nd District. Case No. 2D13-3646. Opinion filed
May 7, 2014. Appeal from the Circuit Court for Charlotte County; Joseph G.
Foster, Judge. Counsel: Robert C. Widman and Geoffrey D. Morris of Morris &
Widman, P.A., Venice, for Appellants. Joseph A. Kopacz and Anthony J. Petrillo
of Luks, Santaniello, Petrillo & Jones, Tampa, for Appellee.
(SLEET, Judge.) Terry and Barbara Tallent appeal a final summary judgment in
favor of Pilot Travel Centers, LLC (Pilot). We affirm, without further
discussion, the denial of their motion to amend the complaint to add punitive
damages. Because a material issue of fact remained as to whether Pilot and its
employees maintained the service station premises in a reasonably safe
condition, we reverse on that issue.
favor of Pilot Travel Centers, LLC (Pilot). We affirm, without further
discussion, the denial of their motion to amend the complaint to add punitive
damages. Because a material issue of fact remained as to whether Pilot and its
employees maintained the service station premises in a reasonably safe
condition, we reverse on that issue.
In this case, we address the dichotomy between the duty to warn and the duty
to maintain the premises in a reasonably safe condition. On January 22, 2007,
Terry Tallent slipped and fell on a diesel fuel spill at Pilot’s service station
in Punta Gorda, Florida. Tallent filed a complaint alleging that Pilot’s
negligent maintenance of the station caused him to fall. In its answer, Pilot
asserted that the spill was open and obvious and that Pilot employees complied
with its fuel spill cleanup procedures. The trial court found that there were no
material issues of fact and granted final summary judgment in favor of Pilot.
to maintain the premises in a reasonably safe condition. On January 22, 2007,
Terry Tallent slipped and fell on a diesel fuel spill at Pilot’s service station
in Punta Gorda, Florida. Tallent filed a complaint alleging that Pilot’s
negligent maintenance of the station caused him to fall. In its answer, Pilot
asserted that the spill was open and obvious and that Pilot employees complied
with its fuel spill cleanup procedures. The trial court found that there were no
material issues of fact and granted final summary judgment in favor of Pilot.
We review an order granting summary judgment de novo. See Volusia
Cnty. v. Aberdeen at Ormond Beach, L.P., 760 So. 2d 126, 130 (Fla. 2000).
“Summary judgment is proper only if there is no genuine issue of material fact
and if the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” MarElia
v. Yanchuck, Berman, Wadley & Zervos, P.A., 966 So. 2d 30, 33 (Fla. 2d
DCA 2007). In a slip and fall negligence action, “the burden on the moving party
is even more onerous, requiring the trial court to employ special care in
granting summary judgment.” Hervey v. Alfonso, 650 So. 2d 644, 646 (Fla.
2d DCA 1995). Summary judgment is improper “[u]nless a defendant can establish
unequivocally the absence of negligence, or that the plaintiff’s negligence was
the sole proximate cause of the injury.” Id.
Cnty. v. Aberdeen at Ormond Beach, L.P., 760 So. 2d 126, 130 (Fla. 2000).
“Summary judgment is proper only if there is no genuine issue of material fact
and if the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” MarElia
v. Yanchuck, Berman, Wadley & Zervos, P.A., 966 So. 2d 30, 33 (Fla. 2d
DCA 2007). In a slip and fall negligence action, “the burden on the moving party
is even more onerous, requiring the trial court to employ special care in
granting summary judgment.” Hervey v. Alfonso, 650 So. 2d 644, 646 (Fla.
2d DCA 1995). Summary judgment is improper “[u]nless a defendant can establish
unequivocally the absence of negligence, or that the plaintiff’s negligence was
the sole proximate cause of the injury.” Id.
Tallent was a business invitee; therefore, Pilot owed him two duties: “(1)
the duty to use reasonable care in maintaining the property in a reasonably safe
condition; and (2) the duty to warn of dangers of which the owner has or should
have knowledge and which are unknown to the invitee and cannot be discovered by
the invitee through the exercise of reasonable care.” Wolford v.
Ostenbridge, 861 So. 2d 455, 456 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003). Tallent was a veteran
truck driver, and he immediately noticed the spill on arriving at the station.
He conceded that he had notice of the spill because he saw the trash cans
blocking the aisles as he pulled up and he walked through the spill as he
approached the Pilot store. It is clear from the record on appeal that Pilot had
no duty to warn Tallent because he had knowledge of the existence of the spill.
See Emmons v. Baptist Hosp., 478 So. 2d 440, 442 (Fla. 1st DCA
1985) (“A prerequisite to the imposition upon the landowner of a duty to warn is
that the defendant’s knowledge of the danger must be superior to that of the
business invitee.”).
the duty to use reasonable care in maintaining the property in a reasonably safe
condition; and (2) the duty to warn of dangers of which the owner has or should
have knowledge and which are unknown to the invitee and cannot be discovered by
the invitee through the exercise of reasonable care.” Wolford v.
Ostenbridge, 861 So. 2d 455, 456 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003). Tallent was a veteran
truck driver, and he immediately noticed the spill on arriving at the station.
He conceded that he had notice of the spill because he saw the trash cans
blocking the aisles as he pulled up and he walked through the spill as he
approached the Pilot store. It is clear from the record on appeal that Pilot had
no duty to warn Tallent because he had knowledge of the existence of the spill.
See Emmons v. Baptist Hosp., 478 So. 2d 440, 442 (Fla. 1st DCA
1985) (“A prerequisite to the imposition upon the landowner of a duty to warn is
that the defendant’s knowledge of the danger must be superior to that of the
business invitee.”).
That Tallent was aware of the spill and that it was open and obvious does not
end our analysis. See Miller v. Slabaugh, 909 So. 2d 588, 589
(Fla. 2d DCA 2005) (“A plaintiff’s knowledge of a dangerous condition does not
negate a defendant’s potential liability for negligently permitting the
dangerous condition to exist; it simply raises the issue of comparative
negligence and precludes summary judgment.” (quoting Fenster v. Publix
Supermarkets, Inc., 785 So. 2d 737, 739 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001))); Knight v.
Waltman, 774 So. 2d 731, 734 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000) (“The discharge of the duty
to warn does not necessarily discharge the duty to maintain the premises in a
reasonably safe condition.”). Pilot still had a duty to maintain the premises in
a reasonably safe condition if it anticipated the potential harm to Tallent as a
result of the spill. See Miller, 909 So. 2d at 589.
end our analysis. See Miller v. Slabaugh, 909 So. 2d 588, 589
(Fla. 2d DCA 2005) (“A plaintiff’s knowledge of a dangerous condition does not
negate a defendant’s potential liability for negligently permitting the
dangerous condition to exist; it simply raises the issue of comparative
negligence and precludes summary judgment.” (quoting Fenster v. Publix
Supermarkets, Inc., 785 So. 2d 737, 739 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001))); Knight v.
Waltman, 774 So. 2d 731, 734 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000) (“The discharge of the duty
to warn does not necessarily discharge the duty to maintain the premises in a
reasonably safe condition.”). Pilot still had a duty to maintain the premises in
a reasonably safe condition if it anticipated the potential harm to Tallent as a
result of the spill. See Miller, 909 So. 2d at 589.
Based on the record before us, we cannot say that no material issue of fact
remains as to whether Pilot maintained the premises in a reasonably safe
condition. Pilot relied on the testimony of its head maintenance person to prove
that it followed company cleanup procedures on the day that Tallent fell.
However, the maintenance person testified that he had no personal recollection
of that day and could only provide testimony as to his usual and customary
procedure for cleaning fuel spills. The size and extent of the spill was in
dispute, but there was testimony from a Pilot employee that the spill was more
than twenty gallons and that it spread at least forty feet from its origin at
the gas pump lane. The maintenance person testified that after blocking the
aisle with trash cans, he would have used kitty litter, booms, or pads to
contain such a large spill. But, he also claimed that he had never encountered a
spill as large as twenty gallons. He testified that the largest spill he had
ever personally cleaned was two to three gallons. After reviewing Pilot’s
accident scene photographs, he could not confirm that he placed the cans out or
performed any cleaning procedures that day.
remains as to whether Pilot maintained the premises in a reasonably safe
condition. Pilot relied on the testimony of its head maintenance person to prove
that it followed company cleanup procedures on the day that Tallent fell.
However, the maintenance person testified that he had no personal recollection
of that day and could only provide testimony as to his usual and customary
procedure for cleaning fuel spills. The size and extent of the spill was in
dispute, but there was testimony from a Pilot employee that the spill was more
than twenty gallons and that it spread at least forty feet from its origin at
the gas pump lane. The maintenance person testified that after blocking the
aisle with trash cans, he would have used kitty litter, booms, or pads to
contain such a large spill. But, he also claimed that he had never encountered a
spill as large as twenty gallons. He testified that the largest spill he had
ever personally cleaned was two to three gallons. After reviewing Pilot’s
accident scene photographs, he could not confirm that he placed the cans out or
performed any cleaning procedures that day.
Tallent testified that he saw no barriers or indicia of cleaning materials in
the area of the spill other than the trash cans used to block the aisles.
Pilot’s photographs of the scene appear to support Tallent’s testimony and belie
Pilot’s claim that no issues of material fact remain. There was evidence that
the uncontained spill spread past the fuel pumps and into the path of customers
and other vehicles. Hence, the record does not conclusively demonstrate that
Pilot should not have anticipated the potential harm to Tallent as a result of
the spreading diesel fuel. Whether or not Pilot’s employees followed its clean
up procedures on the date of Tallent’s fall is a disputed issue of fact.
the area of the spill other than the trash cans used to block the aisles.
Pilot’s photographs of the scene appear to support Tallent’s testimony and belie
Pilot’s claim that no issues of material fact remain. There was evidence that
the uncontained spill spread past the fuel pumps and into the path of customers
and other vehicles. Hence, the record does not conclusively demonstrate that
Pilot should not have anticipated the potential harm to Tallent as a result of
the spreading diesel fuel. Whether or not Pilot’s employees followed its clean
up procedures on the date of Tallent’s fall is a disputed issue of fact.
Because there remains a material issue of fact as to whether Pilot maintained
the premises in a reasonably safe condition, the order granting summary judgment
against the plaintiff is reversed, and the case is remanded to the trial court
for the determination of Pilot’s alleged negligence by a jury.
the premises in a reasonably safe condition, the order granting summary judgment
against the plaintiff is reversed, and the case is remanded to the trial court
for the determination of Pilot’s alleged negligence by a jury.
Affirmed in part; reversed in part; remanded. (SILBERMAN and LaROSE, JJ.,
Concur.)
Concur.)
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